Soil provides the rooting zone for a planting bed, while bark mulch covers its surface to reduce moisture loss and suppress weeds. Garden fertilizer supplies nutrients; it cannot correct compacted ground or poor drainage. Check the existing bed after rain before adding soil: persistent standing water calls for attention to drainage rather than another layer of material.

Soil, Mulch and Fertilisers

The choice of soil, mulch and fertilisers also depends on how the bed will be maintained. Bark breaks down over time, so check the remaining layer before topping it up. Fertilizer application in parts of the United States is subject to seasonal restrictions or setbacks from waterways; local requirements may affect when garden fertilizer can be used. Product labels explain suitable applications and any limits on use.

What soil should I use for a raised bed?

Choose a soil product labeled for raised beds and check its drainage guidance. Avoid assuming that soil intended for in-ground planting will perform the same way in a container.

How deep should bark mulch be around trees?

A layer of 2 to 3 inches is generally suitable, but account for any mulch already present rather than adding that depth each season. Leave a gap around the trunk and keep the root flare exposed.

What do the numbers on garden fertilizer mean?

The three numbers indicate the percentages of nitrogen, phosphate and potash, in that order. Match the formulation to soil-test recommendations, then use the label’s application rate for the area being treated.